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"Aquaculture Business": How to Get Started

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Fish, as one of the main source of protein, is always high on demand. Not only as a food source, but the ornamental fish industry is also growing steadily. Producing fish, both commodity and ornamental, can be a very profitable business with relatively low start-up cost and scalability potential.

The challenge for this business is first and foremost, the farming space. Farming fish commodities such as milkfish, carp, shrimp or tilapia can be extremely profitable, but will need hundreds of acres of a pond to reach its maximum potential. The second challenge is the patience and persistence to learn the know-how of aquaculture. Although it's not rocket science, fish farming has its own intricacies, as you're dealing with livestock, where mass mortalities can happen when not careful.

Ornamental fish, on the other hand, does not require large space. However, if you're dealing with high-end ornamental fish like Arowana or Koi, you'll need to invest in equipment and high-quality nutrients. The profit potential on ornamental fish is higher than commodity fishes. However, you'll need to spend extra marketing effort, whereas selling commodity fishes are a lot easier. So, both sides of fish farming have their own pros and cons.

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Interested in starting your own fish farm?
Here are some pointers to help you get started:

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1. Startup Cost
Depending on scale and type of your fish farm, the initial startup investment can vary greatly. If you want to start small, you can start by breeding fingerlings. In this type of fish farming, you'll need a relatively small space (an aquarium or even bathtub can do), two fishes of opposite sex, and feed. You can start with below $5,000. If you want to start bigger and grow food-size fishes, you may need to lease a pond. Finding an available pond can be difficult, and the rent can be expensive. However, if you do find a good location, it can be very profitable. For growing ornamental fish, you'll need a medium size pond (you can build a 3' x 3' or bigger pond in your backyard), equipment like aerator, UV light, etc, and fingerlings. You can start an ornamental fish farm with around $20,000.

2. Deciding What Kind of Fish To Farm
Choosing the fish variety to grow can be difficult and confusing. There's no clear answer for what is the best fish to grow, but rather, it depends on your location, capital size, and competition. Do enough market research to determine what kind of fish has high demand yet fluctuating price (sign of scarcity). Of course, not all fish can be farmed, so make sure to gather enough information. If you're planning to start an ornamental fish farm, research the current competition and look for opportunities.

3. Legal Permits
Depending on location, you may need special zoning permit before starting a farming business. Consult your local authority to get a clear information.

Earning Potential

The earning potential will vary depending on the size of the farm, scale of operations, location, and many other factors. However, the national annual average for fish farmers is around $33,000. As an independent farm owner, the earning potential is much higher.

A medium sized commodity farm can net $100,000 per harvest (6 months). As your business grow, you can invest in a bigger farm to increase earning and profitability.